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Cryptocurrency is a type of virtual currency that is based on blockchain technology. Here are its main features and principles:
Medium of exchange and unit of account:
Cryptocurrency can be used as a medium of exchange and unit of account; for example, Bitcoin has been accepted by some companies as a means of payment and for transactions.
Blockchain technology:
Cryptocurrency uses blockchain technology to ensure the uniqueness and security of each coin. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that records all transactions, preventing tampering.
Mining:
Cryptocurrency is generated through "mining," which requires electricity and computational resources. This process not only creates new coins but also validates transactions on the network to ensure security.
Globally accepted and easy to store:
Cryptocurrency can be traded and paid for globally at any time, without geographical restrictions or the need to convert to local currency.
Low transaction costs and privacy protection:
The transaction costs of cryptocurrency are relatively low and are not time-bound. Transactions are anonymous, with personal privacy protected through encryption technology.
Limited issuance and protection against inflation risk:
Cryptocurrency usually has a maximum issuance limit; for example, the total supply of Bitcoin is capped at 21 million coins, preventing inflation.
Irrecoverable loss:
If cryptocurrency is lost or stolen, it is difficult to retrieve, which is one of its risks.
In summary, cryptocurrency is a virtual currency based on blockchain technology, characterised by global accessibility, low transaction costs, and privacy protection, but it also has risks, such as price volatility and irretrievable loss.