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ERC20, an abbreviation for Ethereum Request for Comment 20, is a technical standard that prescribes a set of rules and protocols for creating fungible tokens on the Ethereum blockchain. The introduction of ERC20 tokens allows developers to build new cryptocurrencies that leverage the robust infrastructure Ethereum offers.
Essentially, ERC20 tokens can represent various types of assets, from cryptocurrencies and digital collectibles to voting rights and access to services. Unlike non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which signify unique assets, ERC20 tokens are interchangeable and identical in value. This property of fungibility ensures that one ERC20 token can be swapped for another, streamlining the transfer and trade of digital assets.